| Leírás
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Különféle ABC-k. Edmund Fry: Pantographia. London, 1799.
++ 1. SOR: ++
22. oldal, a 23. oldalon magyarázat:
BULGARIAN. (glagolita) Bulgaria is a province of Turkey ; the character favors much of the Illyrian, (Fourn. v. 2. p. 275,) but the dialect Sclavonian.
28/29.:
(káldeai 1-3.)
CHALDEAN.
CHALDEA, or BABYLONIA, a kingdom of Asia, and the most ancient in the world, was founded by Nimrod, the son of Cush, and grandson of Ham, who, according to some historians, built Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Philologists are much divided in their sentiments or opinions, respecting the antiquity of this language. Pliny informs us, that Gellius attributed letters to the Egyptian Mercury, and others, to the Syrians. The learned Roman just mentioned, supposed that the Assyrian letters were prior to any record of history, and by these he undoubtedly meant the Chaldean : it should seem most probable, that the language used by the ante-diluvian Patriarchs, bore the greatest analogy to this, especially when it is universally allowed that they inhabited that part of the globe, whence many have thought the Chaldean to have been prior to the Samaritan and Hebrew.
See PREFACE.
CHALDEAN 1.
Called Cælestlal; said to have been composed by the ancient astrologers, from the figures of certain stars ; and
represented in two hemispheres.
Gaffarel, p. 1.
CHALDEAN 2. (részben aethicusi)
Theseus Ambrosius asserts, that this character was brought from Heaven by the Angel RAPHAEL, by whom it was communicated to ADAM, who used it in composing Psalms after his expulsion from the terrestrial paradise. Some authors pretend that MOSES and the prophets used
this letter, and that they were forbidden to divulge it to mortal men.
Duret, p. 119.
CHALDEAN 3.
This character is also said to have been used by ADAM.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 80.
Dr. Morton's Tables.
30./31.:
(káldeai 4-6.)
CHALDEAN 4.
Brought from the Holy Land to Venice, when the christian princes made war against the infidels; this is a handsome letter, and it is said, was the same that SETH engraved upon the two columns, mentioned in chap. 4 of the first book of Josephus. It it [sic!] also said, that there is, in Ethiopia, a treatise on divine subjects, written in this character by ENOCH, which is preserved with great
care, and considered as canonical. This is given as a Hebrew, but without any explanation of the power of each letter.
Duret, p. 127.
CHALDEAN 5.
This character is said to have been used by NOAH.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 80.
CHALDEAN 6.
Attributed to NINUS, the first King of the Assyrians.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 80.
++ 2. SOR: ++
32./33.:
(káldeai 7-9.)
CHALDEAN 7.
This is said to have been used by Abraham.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 80.
CHALDEAN 8.
Copied from ancient marbles brought from the Holy Land, and are asserted to have been used by Abraham.
Duret, p. 126.
CHALDEAN 9.
This character is represented as the same on which the tables of the law that were given to Moses, were written, and are known to the Hebrews under the name of Malachim, or Mélachim.
Duret, p. 123
34./35.:
(káldeai 10-12.)
CHALDEAN 10.
Sigismond Fante says, that this alphabet is of very great antiquity, having been used by the Hebrews in the wilderness, in the time of MOSES.
De Sivry's Recherches, p. 191.
Duret, p. 124, says, this character was given to ABRAHAM, when he departed from Chaldea for the Land of Canaan.
CHALDEAN 11.
Fournier calls this a Phenician alphabet, but attributes it to MOSES.
Vol. 2, p. 280.
CHALDEAN 12.
Or ancient Hebrew, which is also supposed to have been used in the time of MOSES, and from which, most of the other Chaldean alphabets are derived.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 280.
36./37.:
(káldeai 13-15.)
CHALDEAN 13.
This character is used by a nation of Mesopotamia, called Bagadet, now under the Turkish dominion.
Duret, p. 345.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 279.
++ 3. SOR: ++
CHALDEAN 14. (részben aethicusi)
Theseus Ambrosius, in his treatise on various languages and characters, calls this Judaic.
Duret, p. 335.
Fournier, v. 2. p. 279, fays, that it was used by the Jews during their captivity in Babylon.
CHALDEAN 15. (aethicusi)
This character was much used in Persia and Media, and by the Jewish inhabitants of Babylon.
Duret, p. 344.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 278.
38./39.:
(káldeai 16-18.)
CHALDEAN 16.
This alphabet was found in the Grimani library at Venice, and contrary to all other Chaldeans, is written from left to right. Some authors assert that this is the character of the Maronites, inhabitants of Asia, on the borders of the Red Sea.
Duret, p. 346.
CHALDEAN 17.
Jean Baptiste Palatin, a Roman citizen, in one of his books in Italian, upon the manner of writing all sorts of letters, both ancient and modern, gives this as an ancient Chaldean.
Duret, p. 347.
CHALDEAN 18.
The copy of a Chaldean inscription, very curiously cut in the square stones of the tower of Baych, over one of the gates of the very ancient city of Panormus, in Sicily.
Fazelli Rer. Sicular, p. 149.
40./41.:
(Nagy Károly-i 1.)
CHARLEMAGNE 1.
This great Emperor, who restored learning to Italy, France, and Germany, encouraged the formation of good letters in his dominions ; those in use having degenerated into bad imitations of the shape of the Lombard, Saxon, and Franco-Gallic. These three alphabets are attributed to this monarch, and
bear his name ; they appeared early in the ninth century.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 272.
We observe that he did not think the distinction of capitals and small letters necessary in his alphabets.
42./43.:
(Nagy Károly-i 2-3.)
CHARLEMAGNE 2 and 3.
See the last article.
++ 4. SOR: ++
44./45.:
COPTIC 1. (kopt)
This character, which Fournier calls an ancient Coptic, was used by the inhabitants of a city of Egypt, called COPTOS ; whence the Cophtites derived their origin. They were Christians, and flourished in great numbers in the time of Dioclesian, who put many to death, and sent the rest into exile.
V. 2. p. 274.
Duret, p. 755*
46./47.:
COPTIC 2.
This character has a very great affinity to the Greek, from which it evidently appears to have been formed, and was introduced into Egypt, under the successors of Alexander. The Coptic language, which is only to be met with in the books of the Christians of Egypt, is a mixture of the Greek, and the ancient Egyptian tongue, and was used by them in their translations of the sacred writings, church books, &c.
Enc. Franc, pl. 7.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 274.
48./49.:
DALMATIAN 1. (dalmáciai [glagolita])
This character is said to have been invented by St. Jerom. It is very difficult to pronounce, yet many missals, and the breviary from the Latin ; and even the Old and New Testaments, have been translated into it from the Hebrew and Greek.
Duret, p. 738.
54./55.:
(egyiptomi 1-3.)
EGYPTIAN 1.
The Egyptians, before their knowledge of letters and characters, expressed their thoughts by the representation of the forms of various animals, trees, plants, herbs, and even of several of their own members, which they called Hieroglyphic. They had also letters which were used by the Ethiopians, approaching to the Hebrew, but we have no certainty as to their language or writing.
Theseus Ambrosius, in his " Appendice des langues "Chaldaique, Syriaque, et Armenienne," gives this as the most ancient Egyptian.
Duret, p. 380.
EGYPTIAN 2.
This is given, on the authority of Theseus, as the second Egyptian alphabet.
Duret, p. 381.
EGYPTIAN 3.
Fournier calls this Isiac-Egyptien, which, he informs , is attributed to Isis, the Egyptian Goddess.
Vol. 2. p. 273.
++ 5. SOR: ++
56./57.:
(egyiptomi 4-6.)
EGYPTIAN 4.
Fournier calls this Lettres Sacrées, and says they are attributed to the Mercury Thot.
Vol. 2. p. 273.
EGYPTIAN 5.
This alphabet has generally been received as hieroglyphic, according to Ambrosius, but there does not appear sufficient reason for it.
Duret, p. 382.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 273.
EGYPTIAN 6.
This alphabet was discovered by the late Abbe Barthelemi, from whose sagacity and enquiries there can be no doubt of it's being Egyptian ; and being found under a monument in Egypt, had never been decyphered before.
Encyc. Franc, pi. 5.
58./59.:
(egyiptomi 7.)
EGYPTIAN 7.
This character is different from every other of this name, being written from right to left.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 273.
82./83.:
(etruszk 1)
ETRUSCAN 1.
The Etruscans, or Etrurians, as Latin history informs us, were the most ancient people of Italy. Some authors assert, that, soon after the universal deluge, Noah established there twelve cities, or tribes, who used the same letters or characters, which were entrusted to the priests alone, who varied them according to their pleasure, as to their order, and value or import ; writing them sometimes from left to right, or the reverse. There is no doubt but the Etruscan and Pelasgic alphabets, (which see,) are to be traced to the same origin. See Astle on these alphabets.
The specimen given is copied from the Encyc. Franc. pl. VIII.
Duret, p. 757.
84./85.:
(etruszk 2-3.)
ETRU SCAN 2.
This character, which is written from left to right, Theseus Ambrosius says, is to be found in many libraries in Italy.
Duret, p. 757.
Le Clabart, p. 624.
ETRUSCAN 3.
On the above authority we have also this character, which is written from right to left.
Duret, p. 758.
Le Clabart, p. 623.
++ 6. SOR: ++
86./87.:
(frank-gall)
FRANCO-GALLIC.
This character was used under the first race of die kings of France, in their public acts. It was so named, because the French mixed their letters with those of the Gauls, whom they had conquered.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 270.
88./89.:
(frank 1-2.)
FRANKS 1.
The Franks, who survived the destruction of Troy about 1140, B. C. came and settled in the low countries of Germany, under Marcomin their leader, where the Saxons afforded them an asylum near the mouths of the Rhine ; whence, after some time, they made frequent and vigorous attacks upon their neighbours, and were in continual wars against the Romans and Gauls upwards of 900 years ; and
extended their empire over great part of Europe, according to Hunibauld, who informs us, that Vuastbal wrote in this character an account of their conquests, and every thing remarkable during 758 years. This alphabet is also given on the authority of the Abbe Triteme.
Duret, p. 865.
FRANKS 2.
The language of this people, called Lingua Franca, is a kind of jargon spoken on the Mediterranean, particularly the coasts of the Levant, composed of Italian, Spanish, French, vulgar Greek, and other tongues.
Massey, p. 103.
94./95.:
("grúz" 1.)
GEORGIAN 1.
This alphabet is formed from the Greek, according to Postellus, who says, that the Georgians use that language in their prayers, but on other occasions they employ the Tartarian and Armenian letters. This specimen is almost Greek, both by name and figure, and was taken from an ancient book of voyages to the Holy Land, by a Monk named Nicolle Hues, A. D. 1487.
Duret, p. 749.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 221 .
100./101.:
(gót 1-2.)
GOTHIC.
In the history of the North, we are informed that Ulphilas, or Gulphila, bishop of the Goths, who lived in Maesia about A. D. 370, was the first who invented the letters or characters of his nation ; and that he translated the holy scriptures out of the Greek into his proper language. Jean le Grand gives him full credit for the latter, but insists that the letters were in use before the bishop's
time. Other historians assert, that the Goths always had the use of letters, and what confirms this sentiment is, that Le Grand, in his history of Gothic characters, says, that before, or very soon after the flood, there were found, engraved in letters on large stones, the memorable acts of
great men.
Olaus Magnus, brother to Le Grand, assures us, that the Goths wrote upon wood, and upon the bark of trees, worked into sheets, and sometimes on skins ; and that they used ink made of coal finely ground, with milk or water.
It is asserted by different authors, that they wrote the
Celtic and Teutonic.
Duret, p. 862.
Olaus Mag. p. 14.
GOTHIC 1.
This is given as the earliest Gothic, and seems to have great affinity to the Runic.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 271.
Duret, p. 862.
Le Clabart, p. 379.
GOTHIC 2.
This character, which is formed of the Greek and Latin, is attributed to Ulphilas, bishop of the Goths above mentioned, who is said to have invented them about A. D 388.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 114.
Dr. Morton's Tables.
Massey, p. 103.
102./103.:
(moesiai gót)
MÆSO GOTHIC.
This letter is also attributed to Ulphilas, and was used m the translation of the holy scriptures.
Encyc. Franc, pl. IX.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 271.
++ 7. SOR: ++
152./153.:
HUNS. (hun [székely rovásírás])
This people came out of Scythia into Europe, and in the time of Valentinian, A. D. 376, under Attila, made great ravages in France and Italy ; but afterwards at the instance of Pope Leo, settled in Pannonia, which, from the Huns, is now called Hungary.
This alphabet is copied from Fournier, v. 2. p. 209.
154./155.:
JACOBITE.
The Jacobites have arranged their alphabet by the Greek, both in name and form, tho' it is much corrupted; they use it chiefly in their holy services ; but, for other purposes employ a character between the Armenian and Tartarian ; but this is proper to them.
Duret, p. 753.
They are not a nation, but a sect ; after one JACOB a heretic, and disciple of a patriarch of Alexandria, attached to the errors of Nestorius.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 277.
156./157.:
(Nagy Károly birodalmi írása [valójában aethicusi ABC])
IMPERIAL.
This alphabet is a fourth, attributed to Charlemagne, in the beginning of the ninth century, but seems to have been written for some particular purpose.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 272.
160./161.:
(illír 1. [glagolita])
ILLYRIAN 1.
John Baptist Palatin asserts that the Illyrians have two alphabets : the provinces on the eastern side used that which most resembled the Greek, said to have been invented by St. Cyril ; those on the west, that of St. Jerom, who is reported to be the author of the annexed ; but Aventinus, in the fourth book of his annals, says, that about the time of Christ, a certain person named Methodius, a bishop and native of Illyrium, invented this alphabet ; and translated the holy scriptures into it, persuading the people to discontinue the use of the Latin, and the ceremonies of the Roman church. See CROATIAN.
Duret, p. 741.
162./163.:
(illír 2. [glagolita], indiai 1-2.)
ILLYRIAN 2.
This alphabet is asserted by Palatin, to have been invented by St. Cyril ; it is called Sclavonic, and has much affinity to the Russian.
Duret, p. 738.
INDIAN 1.
Nubian. This is thought to have been the original true character of the Abyssinians, but there is some doubt respecting it.
Duret, p. 383.
Le Clabart, p. 614, says, it was taken from the Grimani library at Venice, and brought to Rome in the time of Sixtus IV. in 1482.
INDIAN 2.
Modern travellers (1619) inform us, that the oriental Indians, the Chinese, Japonese, &c. form their letters upon this model, writing from top to bottom. Jerome Osorius, book 2 of his history of Portugal, says, the Indians use neither paper nor parchment, but mark with a pointed tool upon the leaves of the wild palm, and that they have very ancient books composed in this manner.
Duret, p. 884.
++ 8. SOR: ++
164./165.:
(ír 1-3.)
IRISH.
General Valiancy, in his essay on the antiquity of this language, has given a full comparative vocabulary of Irish and Punic-Maltese words, with their significations : also a comparative declension of a noun of each tongue, of the same meaning; and he is decidedly of opinion,
that it is, through the Pœoeni or Carthaginians, derived from the Phenician ; that, on a collation of this language with the Celtic, Punic, Phenician, and Hebrew, the strongest affinity (nay perfect identity in very many words) will appear; and that it may therefore be deemed a Punic-Celtic compound.
IRISH 1.
This is the most ancient Irish alphabet, and is said to be named Bobeloth, from certain masters who assisted in forming the Japhetian language, but it is obviously denominated from Bobel, Loth, it's two first letters.
Ledwich's Antiquities, p. 98.
IRISH 2 and 3.
These two alphabets, called Irish Ogums, the first named Croabh, and the other 0'Sullivan's, being derivatives from Roman notes, were first stenographic, then steganographic, then magical, and lastly alphabetic. Oga, Ogum, and Ogma are old Celtic words, implying letters written in cypher, and, indireftly, an occult science. Ogan, in Welch, is augury, divination.
Ledwich, p. 90, c.
166./167.:
(ír 4-5.)
IRISH 4.
This alphabet, which is but an imperfect one, is called Marcomannic Runes ; the latter word being equivalent in sense, and having the same origin as Ogum.
Wormius declares, that it agreed with the Runic, both in shape and names.
Ledwich, p. 97.
IRISH 5.
This character bears strong marks of a barbarous age, and is, no doubt, the remains of an old magical alphabet ; it is called Bethluisnion na Ogma, or the alphabet of magical or mysterious letters, the first three of which are Beth, Luis, Nion, whence it is named.
Ledwich, p. 99.
200./201.:
MENDÆN (medeai)
The Mendes are a people of Egypt. This alphabet was formed from the Syriac. A. D. 277.
Drs. Barnard and Morton's Tables.
204./205.:
MONK'S. (szerzetesi)
The original mode of writing among the ancient Britons, was by cutting letters with a knife upon sticks, either squared or formed into three sides. This is a very ancient alphabet made in that manner, and called Coelbren y Mynaiç', or alphabet of the Monks, and was communicated to me
by my ingenious friend W. Owen, F. A. S.
++ 9. SOR: ++
208./209.:
(norman 1-2.)
NORMAN 1.
The Normans, Northmans, or people from the north, emigrated from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, &c. and
spread themselves over Gaul, but particularly Neustria, which name they soon changed to Normandy ; and during the ravages they were making upon the coast, and other parts, before they could settle themselves, to cover their deliberations and councils, they invented a new alphabet, (according to Bede) in which were only ten principal characters, much like Greek ; the other fourteen were formed by uniting those to others, as in the annexed specimen.
Duret, p. 866.
NORMAN 2.
This alphabet is also given on the authority of the venerable Bede.
Duret, p. 866.
216./217.:
PALMZRAN (palmürai)
This alphabet, which has great affinity to the Hebrew, and is written from right to left, was first decyphered by the late celebrated Abbe Barthelemi.
Encyc. Franc, pl. V.
218./219.:
PERSIAN 1. (perzsa [zoroasztriánus?])
This is the alphabet of the Gaures, or ancient Persians, who were worshipers of fire.
Encyc. Franc, pl. XV.
224./225.:
(perzsa 7. [zoroasztriánus])
PERSIAN 7.
This alphabet, which is taken from Hyde's edition de Religione veterum Persarum, is called Zend or Pazend, and is supposed to have been used by Zoroastre.
Encyc. Franc, pl. 16.
226./227.:
(föníciai 1-3.)
PHENICIAN.
Chronologers and historians (see Jackson's Chronological Antiquities, Vol. III.) render it sufficiently probable, that the Phenicians had alphabetical characters as early as any people in the world : and tho' no writings in that language have descended to our time, we are, by no means,
destitute of sufficient authority for the number and form of their letters. The ancient Greeks called the Phenicians PELASGI quasi PELAGII, or wanderers, from Pelagus, the sea; and, as we have already observed, the Pelasgian Greeks, as well as the Thebans and Italians, undoubtedly
received their letters from the Phenicians.
It is beyond the limits of this work to give authorities for every individual letter, but I trust my readers will be satisfied with those subjoined.
PHENICIAN 1.
This character has been falsely called Syriac, but it is more properly Phenician, or Ionic, being written from left to right, and having nothing in it's form in common with those letters which compose the Syriac alphabets.
Duret, p. 366.
PHENICIAN 2.
This character, which is attributed to Scaliger, is given by Spanheim, p. 80, also in Montf. Pal. Graec. p. 122.
++ 10. SOR: ++
PHENICIAN 3.
This alphabet is handed to us on the authority of the late Abbe Barthelemy, who is said to have taken it from inscriptions preserved in Malta, and from Syrian medals.
Encyc. Franc, pl. V.
228./229.:
(föníciai 4-6.)
PHENICIAN 4.
This character, which is also given on the same authority as the preceding, is taken from Sicilian coins.
Encyc. Franc, pl. V.
PHENICIAN 5.
This Phenician alphabet is taken from inscriptions preserved in cyphers, and is mentioned by Pocock.
Encyc. Franc, pl. V.
PHENICIAN 6.
This alphabet, which is given on the authority of the three preceding, is taken from an inscription lately discovered in Malta.
Encyc. Franc, pl. V.
244./245.:
(rúnaírás 1.)
RUNIC 1.
Several nations of the North used this character, which is derived from the Mæso-Gothic. The annexed alphabet is copied from
Encyc. Franc, pl. X.
248./249.:
(szamaritánus 1-2.)
SAMARITAN 1.
The authors who have engaged in the dispute respecting the priority of the Hebrew and Samaritan alphabets, have been mentioned under the former article, (which see.) It is scarcely possible at this time to determine, whether alphabets were first used in Chaldea or Phenicia ; but there can be little doubt, that the latter furnished letters to a far greater number of languages than the former. There is reason to believe that the Samaritan continued a living language for many centuries.
Fournier calls this Idumean, and says it was used by many nations in Asia, Vol. 2. p. 279. Duret says it was brought from the Levant, p. 324.
SAMARITAN 2.
This character is said to have been delineated after the course and movements of nature, Duret, p. 323.
250./251.:
(szamaritánus 3-5.)
SAMARITAN 3.
This character is also said, by Theseus Ambrosius, to have been formed from the same as the preceding ; it was approved and received into use at Rome, and called ancient Greek.
Duret, p. 324.
LeClabart, p.517.
++ 11. SOR: ++
SAMARITAN 4.
This curious alphabet was taken from Samaritan coins by Walton.
Spanh. Dissert, p. 80.
SAMARITAN 5.
This alphabet is copied from
Encyc. Franc, pl. I.
252./253.:
(szamaritánus 6., szaracén 1.)
SAMARITAN 6.
The modern Samaritan alphabet, copied by the late Dr. Morton, from a manuscript in the Cottonian library in the British Museum, and was by him esteemed the most correct of any extant.
Dr. Morton's Table.
SARACEN 1.
This character, according to Theseus Ambrosius, was used by the Saracens at the time of their conquests.
Duret, p. 475.
254./255.:
(szaracén 2-4.)
SARACEN 2.
This alphabet is handed to us on the authority of John Baptist Palatin, a Roman citizen, in a learned treatise, teaching to write in all languages and letters, both ancient" and modern.
Duret, p. 475.
SARACEN 3.
Duret gives this alphabet as a Saracen, which seems to have some affinity to the Arabic. See this author, " De la comparaison du scavoir Arabesque et Sarrasinesque, " avec l'Egyptien, Chaldaique, &c." p. 477.
SARACEN 4.
On the authority of Kircher this alphabet is given in
Dr. Morton's Table.
++ 12. SOR: ++
266./267.:
(szlavón 1. [részben aethicusi])
SCLAVONIAN 1.
Many nations, both in Europe and Asia, speak this language ; it is used generally in all the eastern parts of Europe, except Greece, Hungary, and Wallachia ; but these nations have a variety of characters.
Fourn. v. 2. p. 226.
278./279.:
(szír 1-2.)
SYRIAC.
This language is one of those several dialets, commonly called the Oriental tongues, and is pretended to have been the mother of them all. It became a distinct tongue so early as the days of JACOB ; for what his father in law and uncle, LABAN, of Padan-aram' or Mesopotamia, calls Jegar-sahadutha, is, by JACOB, called Galeed. The Syriac was not only the language of Syria, but also of Mesopotamia, Chaldea; for there is no more difference between the Chaldean and Syriac, than between the English and Scots; Assyria, and after the Babylonish captivity, Palestine.
There are three dialects of the '1Syrian tongue ; first, the Aramean, or Syriac, properly so called, which is the most elegant, and used in Mesopotamia, by the inhabitants of Roha, or Edessa, and Harran, and the outer Syria : second, the dialect of Palestine, spoken by the inhabitants of Damascus, Mount Libanus, and the inner Syria: third, the Chaldean or Nabathean dialect, the most rude and unpolished of the three, and used in the mountainous parts of Assyria, and in the villages of Irak or Babylonia.
The Syriac character is very ancient, and supposed, by some, to have been in use above 300 years B. C.
There is a number of books written in this language, very little known to the Europeans; but what this tongue is most to be valued for, are the excellent translations therein of the Old and New Testament ; which equal, if they do not surpass, those of any other language.
Universal Hist. Vol. 1. p. 377.
SYRIAC 1.
Duret gives this as the most ancient Hebrew character, and intimates that it was used both by ABRAHAM and MOSES.
P. 364.
SYRIAC 2.
This is the Stranghelo, or ancient Chaldean, long since gone out of use ; the Lord's Prayer is to be seen in this character in the second volume of the Propaganda in my possession.
The annexed was copied from
Castellus's Lexicon, Vol. 1. p. 2.
280./281.:
(szír 3-5.)
SYRIAC 3.
The Stranghelo character, called Duplex; but no mention is made of it's use.
Castell. Lex. Vol. l.p.2.
SYRIAC 4.
Called Nestorian. These Syrians were spread over Tartary about the twelfth century, whence they established missions.
Castell. Lex. Vol. l. p.2.
SYRIAC 5.
This is also a Nestorian.
Encyc. Franc, pl. 2.
282./283.:
(szír 6-7.)
SYRIAC 6.
Duret, p. 365, says, that this alphabet is composed of small, or running letters, with which the Syrians write more freely on account of their joining.
++ 13. SOR: ++
SYRIAC 7.
This is the modern alphabet, as used in printing at this day.
284./285.:
(szír-galileai és szír-héber)
SYRO-GALILEAN.
This is more properly called an ancient Chaldean, and is said to have been used by some oriental Christians, calling themselves disciples of John the Baptist. They inhabited the city of Bassora and its environs.
Encyc. Franc, pl. VII.
SYRO-HEBRAIC.
This character was much used formerly by the Jews in Syria.
Fourn. Vol. 2. p. 227.
290./291.:
(tatár 5-7.)
TARTARIC 5.
The Mantcheou Tartars use the same alphabet or characters as those of the Great Mogul, and write them from top to bottom, after the manner of the Chinese. The annexed is a specimen of the initial letters.
Encyc. Franc, pl. XXIII.
TARTARIC 6.
A specimen of the medial letters of the alphabet of the Mantcheou Tartars.
Encyc. Franc, pl. XXIII.
TARTARIC 7.
A specimen of the final letters of the alphabet of the Mantcheou Tartars.
Encyc. Franc, pl. XXIII
294./295.:
THIBETAN. (tibeti)
The alphabet of the Lamas of Thibet, taken from the second volume of the Propaganda Fide.
++ 14. SOR: ++
296./297.:
(teuton 1-2.)
TEUTONIC 1.
This alphabet was taken from an ancient manuscript in the cathedral of Wurtzberg, in Franconia.
Fourn. Vol. 2. p. 272.
TEUTONIC 2.
This alphabet is taken from Encyc. Britan. pl. IX.
300./301.:
TYRIAN. (türoszi)
Fournier, Vol. 2. p. 274, calls this Tyrian, or Punic, but is silent as to any authority.
304./305.:
WELCH 1. (walesi)
The alphabet of these primitive letters contains sixteen radical characters and powers, which have twenty-four secondary ones, modifications, or inflexions, making forty in all ; and it went under the name of Coelbren y Beirz, the billet of signs of the Bards, or the BARDIC ALPHABET.
The discerning antiquary will naturally be desirous of knowing in what manner this curious relick was preserved to the present time: in reply to which; in the obscure and mountainous parts of Wales, the system of Bardism is still to be found entire, but more known to the world by the name of Druidism, which was properly that branch of Bardism relating to religio , and education. Bardism was universal, and comprehended all the knowledge or philosophy of the ancient times ; Druidism was it's religious code ; and Ovatism, it's arts and sciences.
The preservation of the character may be principally attributed to it's own provision and means, whereby tradition is reduced to a science.
I am indebted for this and the following article to my ingenious friend W. Owen. F. A. S, whose authority cannot be doubted.
WELCH 2.
The original manner of writing among the ancient Britons was by cutting the letters with a knife upon sticks, which were most commonly squared, and sometimes formed into three sides; consequently, a single stick contained either four or three lines. (See Ezekiel, ch.xxxvii, v. 16.) The squares were used for general subjects, and for stanzas of four lines in poetry ; the trilateral ones were adapted
to triades, and for a peculiar kind of ancient metre, called Triban, and Englyn Milwyr, or triplet, and the warriors' verse.
Several sticks, with writing upon them, were put together, forming a kind of frame, as represented in the annexed page, which was called Peithynen, or Elucidator ; and was so constructed, that each stick might be turned for the facility of reading, the end of each running out alternately on both sides of the frame.
318./319.:
SCLAVONIAN. (szláv [cirill])
Or ancient Russian ; taken from the Encyc. Franc, pl. X. It was omitted by accident from it's proper place in the work.
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A szerző által hivatkozott források:
Castellus's Lexicon = Biblia Sacra Castellionis, folio, Frankf. 1697.
De Sivry's Recherches = Recherches Nouvelles sur la Science des Medailles, &c. par Poinsinet de Sivry, 4to. Mæstricht, 1778.
Drs. Barnard Tables = Dr. Barnard's Tables. Oxford, 1689.
Dr. Morton's Tables. London, 1759.
Duret = Thresor de l'Hiftoire des Langues de cest Univers. Par M. Claude Duret. 4to. Yverdon, 1619.
Encyc. Britan. = Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4to. Edinburgh, 1797.
Enc. Franc = Encyclopedir Françoise, folio, Livourne, 1772.
Fazelli Rer. Sicular. = Rerum Sicularum Scriptores praeciput ex recentioribus, &c. Auctor Thomas Fazellus, folio, Francofurti ad Moenum, 1579.
Fourn = Manuel Typographique. Par Fournier le Jeune, 2 vols, 12mo. Paris, 1766
Garrafel = Unheard-of Curiosities concerning the talismanical Sculpture of the Persians, &c. by James Gaffarel, 12mo. Lond. 1650.
Le Clabart = Epreuves Generales des Characteres, avec un traité des Langues Etrangeres, de leurs Alphabets, et des Chiffres. A LA PLUME. Par le Clabart, folio, Paris. [1783.]
Ledwich's Antiquities = Antiquities of Ireland, by Edward Ledwich, L. L. B. M.R.I. A. F.A.S. 410. Dublin, 1790.
Massey = The Origin and Progress of Letters, by William Massey, 8vo. London, 1763.
Montf. Pal. Graec. = Paleeographia Graeca, sive de ortu et progressu Literarum Graecarum, &c. D. Bernardo de Montfaucon, folio, Parisiis, 1708.
Olaus Mag. = A compendious History of the Goths, Swedes and Vandals, &c. by Olaus Magnus, Archbishop of Upsal, &c. folio, London, 1658.
Spanh. = Ezechielis Spanhemii dissertationes de usu et prsestantia numismatum antiquorum, folio, 1704.
Universal Hist. = ? Vocabularia Linguarum Totius Orbis Comparativa, collected by command of the late Empress of Russia, 2 vols. 4to. Petersburgh, 1786.
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